Distributed storage systems represent one of the main enablers for the control of microgrids and, more in general, for active distribution networks. Indeed, they have the ability to be indirectly used to control the grid where they are connected providing several services like peak load shaving,supplementing renewable resources, and, as a consequence, postpone investments needed for network reinforcements. They are also capable of providing network ancillary services like voltage and frequency control supports, indirectly control line congestions and, as a consequence, can be used for network losses reduction.
In this respect, the EPFL Smart Grids project studies the modelling, the grid integration and the relevant control strategies of these systems.
Concerning the technologies, the systems that are studied are the following: – electrochemical storage systems: supercapacitors and Lithium-based batteries (with particular reference to the Lithium-ion Titanate technology); – power-to-gas closed cycles based on the use of PEM fuel cells and high-pressure electrolysis; – low-temperature heat storage coupled with combined heat-and-power generation units.
The 25 kW – 25 kWh battery storage system based on Lithium Titanate technology installed in EPFL-DESL-LCA2 microgrid.